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- WORLD, Page 40THE MIDDLE EASTAnatomy of a Tragedy
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- Who's to blame for the Jerusalem clash?
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- By JON D. HULL/JERUSALEM -- With reporting by Jamil Hamad/
- Jerusalem
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- Arabs and Israelis have been battling each other for so many
- years that it no longer seems to matter much who throws the
- first punch on any given day. To the aggressor, violence is
- always a form of retaliation or self-defense. Consider what
- happened last week on the Temple Mount.
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- The Israeli police version. At 10:30 a.m., as more than
- 15,000 Jews gathered at the Western Wall for prayers
- celebrating the Sukkoth festival, they were ambushed by a mob
- of 3,000 Palestinians positioned on the Temple Mount above,
- hurling rocks at the rate of nearly 300 a minute.
- Simultaneously, Palestinians attacked and burned a police post
- on the Temple grounds and stoned a nearby yeshiva. When police
- responded with tear gas and rubber bullets, the Palestinians
- locked the doors to the Temple Mount.
-
- Fearing for the lives of those police trapped inside, the
- security forces, who initially numbered only 45, smashed
- through the gates and charged the rioters. Vastly outnumbered
- and exposed to a deadly hail of stones, the police resorted to
- live ammunition. Said police commissioner Yaacov Terner: "Their
- lives were in real danger. They had no other way but to respond
- the way they did." As further proof that the riot was
- premeditated, Israelis note that Palestinian leader Faisal
- Husseini -- later jailed for incitement -- was in the crowd.
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-
- The Palestinian version. That morning, Faisal Husseini and
- a few thousand other Palestinians had gathered on the Temple
- Mount to defend the Islamic shrine from a group of
- ultra-nationalist Jews, called the Temple Mount Faithful, that
- planned to lay a cornerstone on the site to prepare for a third
- Jewish temple. Despite an Israeli court order banning the group
- from the site, Muslims were unnerved. As rumors spread that the
- Jewish radicals were approaching, Palestinians began shouting
- slogans. When police replied with tear gas, Palestinians
- retaliated with stones. The police then charged onto the Temple
- Mount, went berserk and gunned down Palestinians at close
- range. (Arab doctors later announced that one victim was shot
- 14 times). "They were shooting people from ten meters away,"
- said Ala Abu Bakr, 17, who was shot in the arm and the back.
- Abu Bakr crawled into al-Aqsa mosque, where he and other
- Palestinians lay for nearly two hours before being rescued.
-
-
- When the police finally gained control of the Temple Mount
- at 1 p.m., 19 Palestinians lay dead or dying from bullet
- wounds, and another 140 were wounded. Said Abu Darwish, who
- witnessed the clashes, "I saw the soldiers deliberately aiming
- at the chests and heads of the Palestinians." At least six
- Israeli policemen and more than two dozen Jewish worshipers
- were also hurt.
-
- "It was terrifying," said David Metzger, a tourist from New
- York who was praying at the Wall. "Stones were coming out of
- the sky and everybody panicked. I could have easily been
- killed."
-
- Religion offers one obvious explanation for the bloody
- clash. Muslims call the Temple Mount al-Haram al-Sharif, or
- Noble Sanctuary. It is home to both the Dome of the Rock and
- al-Aqsa mosque and is Islam's third holiest site after Mecca
- and Medina. To Jews, it is the sacred spot where Solomon's
- Temple and later the Second Temple once stood. The adjacent
- Western Wall, a retaining wall from the Second Temple, is the
- holiest site in Judaism.
-
- That accounts for the explosive emotions, but not the tragic
- consequences. Here's why it happened:
-
- Palestinian activists have been eager to help Saddam Hussein
- link his annexation of Kuwait with the Israeli occupation of
- the West Bank and Gaza by escalating the uprising in the
- occupied territories. Although Palestinians could not have
- anticipated how deadly the Israeli reaction would be, and it
- remains unclear just who attacked first, evidence strongly
- suggests that they were looking for a fight. The Temple Mount
- Faithful, which never entered the site, offered the perfect
- pretext to mobilize the masses, while the Jewish holiday
- provided a headline-grabbing backdrop for a demonstration.
-
- They could not have done it without the Israeli police.
- Despite warnings by the Shin Bet, the nation's domestic
- security service, and the unusual presence of thousands of
- Palestinians on the Temple Mount on a Jewish holiday, the
- police inexplicably failed to deploy adequate reinforcements.
- (Police Minister Ronni Milo lamely explained that his forces
- mistakenly believed the riot would start at 3 a.m. that
- morning.) Said Yossi Sarid, a left-wing Knesset member: "There
- is no doubt that had the police prepared for this, this riot
- would have been prevented."
-
- The claim that deadly force was used as a last resort -- and
- used 19 times -- is also unconvincing. While rocks can kill,
- Israel has had nearly three years of experience handling stone
- throwers. Certainly, there is no excuse for being caught off
- guard at a place so rich in religious symbolism for both sides.
- Nor can Israel claim that the police had no other options. When
- massive rioting spread throughout the West Bank, the Gaza Strip
- and among Israeli-Arab towns later in the week, better-prepared
- soldiers exercised far more restraint despite the salvos of
- stones.
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